Evaluación de la eficacia de la imagen en telefonía móvil paracirugía ambulatoria / No disponible

Introducción: Tras el alta se necesita mejorar la comunicación entre la unidad de cirugía sin ingreso y el domicilio de los pacientes para ofrecer la misma calidad asistencial y los mismos cuidados que en la cirugía con ingreso. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es validar el impacto clínico, asistencial y de gestión del sistema de m-Salud de control domiciliario telefónico asistido con imágenes de telefonía móvil y pulsioximetría en el periodo postoperatorio tras intervenciones de cirugía ambulatoria. Material y métodos: Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio prospectivo randomizado de un sistema móvil-health para la monitorización postoperatoria de pacientes en los primeros días del postoperatorio en el domicilio. Se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 310 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía ambulatoria comparables en complejidad quirúrgica. Evaluamos dos grupos: el grupo piloto (llevaba móvil con transmisión de imágenes del postoperatorio)y el grupo control (sin móvil).Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el control telefónico protocolizado por sí mismo (con o sin imágenes de telefonía móvil) es eficiente en términos de calidad de la información recibida así como en la resolución de complicaciones menores domiciliarias. El grupo piloto requirió mayor tiempo de atención que el grupo control. Conclusiones: Aunque no hayamos observado diferencias entre los dos grupos estudiados consideramos que harían falta estudios posteriores para determinar con mayor exactitud el tipo de paciente idóneo para el control mediante la imagen y pulsioximetría (..) (AU)

Introduction: The rationale behind the need to improve the communication between the ambulatory surgery unit and the patients at home after discharge from ambulatory surgery is to offer a healthcare quality at home comparable to hospital care. Nowadays this improvement is needed, taking into account that more complex operations and patients with higher co morbidity are being included in these programs. The main objective of the study is to validate the clinical impact and management system of a domiciliary control m-health device assisted by mobile phone images and pulsioximetry after ambulatory surgery. Material and methods: This paper presents the results of a randomized prospective study of an m-Health system for post-operative monitoring of patients in the early ambulatory surgery home postoperative process. About 310 patients, with surgeries comparable in complexity, were randomly selected and included in either the intervention or the control group. Results: The results shows that the phone control protocol at home in postoperative process is very efficient in terms of the quality of information received and also in the resolution of late minor complications even compared with the most traditional ways of care. The timing of control of intervention group was longer than the control group. Conclusions: Although we have not observed differences between the two groups studied believe that further studies would be needed to determine more precisely the type of patient suitable for mobile image control and pulsioximetry. In this study is considered necessary to explain clearly instructions and household tips by the relevant personnel before discharge. In the other hand the patients they should known the help paths (direct phone number) in case of necessity (..) (AU)

Ingesta de sodio en la dieta de un colectivo de adolescentes / Sodium intake in the diet of a group of adolescents

Los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios de la población han conducido a un incremento en la ingesta de sodio, debido, fundamentalmente, al aumento del consumo de alimentos de fabricación industrial, en detrimento de los preparados en el hogar. Estos cambios se acentúan especialmente en el colectivo adolescente, ya que frecuentemente incluyen en su dieta refrescos, snacks o fast-food, con elevado contenido de sal o aditivos con sodio. Es conocida la relación directa entre la ingesta dietética de sodio y la presión sanguínea, asociándose una ingesta elevada a hipertensión y a enfermedades cardiovasculares. Además, el sodio puede incrementar la eliminación de calcio en la orina, potenciando las pérdidas óseas, por lo que puede ser un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de osteoporosis. En este estudio se realizó una encuesta alimentaria a 21 adolescentes varones de 11-14 años, con el fin de estimar la ingesta de sodio en su dieta habitual y la contribución de los distintos grupos de alimentos. Para ello se evaluó la ingesta de tres días, mediante recordatorio de 24 horas y registro de ingesta de dos días. Los datos del consumo de alimentos fueron transformados en valores de energía y nutrientes mediante tablas de composición de los alimentos. Los adolescentes consumieron una media de 4558 mg de sodio/día, superando en gran medida las recomendaciones actuales del micronutriente. Las conservas y precocinados fueron los alimentos que proporcionaron el mayor porcentaje del elemento en la dieta (23,5%). Debido al elevado consumo de sodio entre los adolescentes, se recomienda disminuir su ingesta, evitando especialmente un consumo excesivo de alimentos procesados, ricos en sodio. Con esto se pretende prevenir posibles problemas de salud en el futuro, como hipertensión u osteoporosis(AU)

Changes in the dietary habits of the population have led to an increase of sodium intake, mainly due to the great intake of manufactured products and the low consumption of homemade foods. These changes are especially important among adolescents, since they frequently include soft drinks, snacks or fast-food in their diets, foods with a high salt content or including sodium-rich additives. It is known the strong relationship between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure: a high sodium intake is related with hypertension and also with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, sodium intake is associated with increased urinary calcium, therefore increasing bone losses. This fact might be an important risk factor for osteoporosis development. In the present study a dietary questionnaire was realized to 21 male adolescents aged 11-14 years, in order to calculate the sodium intake under their habitual diet and the contribution of the different food sources. The food intake was monitored during a 3-day period, by combining a 24-hour diet recall and two-days weighed dietary record. Data of food consumption were transformed into energy and nutrient vales using tables of food composition. Adolescents consumed an average of 4558 mg/day of sodium, overcoming in a great amount the current recommendations for this micronutrient. Canned and precooked foods contributed the highest percentage of the element in the diet (23.5%). According to these data, it would be extremely advisable to reduce sodium intake among adolescents, avoiding especially excessive processed food consumption, rich in sodium. These actions would be aimed to preventing possible diseases in adulthood such as hypertension and osteoporosis(AU)

Dietary calcium utilization among a group of Spanish boys aged 11-14 years on their usual diets

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Adolescence constitutes a period of nutritional vulnerability due to increaseddietary requirements for growth and development and special dietary habits. A pilottrial was performed to evaluate the dietary calcium utilization among a sample ofSpanish boys on their usual diets, in which the calcium intake and consumption ofdairy products were as well examined. Nutrient and food intake was recorded usinga 24-h dietary recall and a 2-d food consumption record for 21 subjects aged 11-14years. Dietary calcium utilization was assessed by means of calcium intake in foodand calcium output in faeces and urine as measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Overall intake of dairy products was 399.3±22.1 g/d, and the singlemost consumed item was milk (72% of the total). An inverse relationship was foundbetween dairy product consumption at breakfast (55% of the total) and BMI(p=0.016, r=-0.5168). Dairy products contributed the majority of dietary calcium(66.9%). Mean calcium intake was 881.7±39.9 mg/d, 88% of the recommended valuefor Spanish adolescents. Net calcium absorption (271.7±51.7 mg/d) and retention(170.6±50.9 mg/d) seemed not to be sufficient to meet growth demands duringpuberty. The results shown that adolescents of the study absorbed 31% of dietarycalcium and retained nearly 20% of the total intake, but dietary calcium intake andconsumption of dairy products failed to meet recommended values. Optimizing calciumintake is of crucial importance among adolescents, to maximize calcium retentionand to help prevent osteoporosis in later life

Repercusiones del consumo de mezclas calentadas de glucosa-lisina y glucosa-metionina sobre el calcio óseo / Effects of intake of heated mixtures of glucose-lysine and glucose-methionine on bone calcium

Durante el tratamiento térmico de los alimentos puede desarrollarse la reacción de Maillard, que tiene lugar, fundamentalmente, entre los grupos carbonilo de azúcares reductores y los grupo amino proteicos. Los productos de la reacción de Maillard (PRM) pueden afectar la biodisponibilidad mineral por modificaciones de su forma físico-química en el alimento o en el lumen, alterando el proceso de absorción o su normal metabolismo. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de PRM sobre aspectos de la biodisponibilidad del Ca in vitro e in vivo. Mezclas equimolares de glucosa-lisina (GL) y glucosa-metionina (GM) (40% humedad) fueron calentadas a 150º C durante 90 minutos (muestras GL90 y GM90, respectivamente). La solubilidad in vitro se midió adicionando cada muestra a una solución 3,75 mM Ca con pH y fuerza iónica del intestino; tras agitación y centrifugación se determinó el calcio soluble e insoluble. Un 3% de GL90 y GM90 se añadieron individualmente a la dieta AIN93-G para la obtención de las dietas D-GL90 y D-GM90. Con ellas y con la AIN93-G, como control, se alimentaron durante 21 días tres grupos de ratas Wistar, realizándose balance de calcio en la última semana y, tras sacrificio, extracción de distintos órganos. La presencia de GM90 no afectó a la solubilidad del calcio; GL90 la disminuyó ligeramente, quedando en ambos casos más del 94% soluble. El consumo de D-GL90 y D-GM90 no modificó la biodisponibilidad del elemento, utilizándose tan eficazmente como en la dieta control (57,6 ± 1,3%, 57,8 ± 2,3% y 63,9 ± 2,6% en las dietas control, D-GL90 y D-GM90 respectivamente). Sin embargo, la ingesta de los PRM produjo cambios en el metabolismo que disminuyeron el calcio óseo, acumulándose de forma compensatoria en otros órganos (AU)

During food thermal treatment Maillard's reaction may occur, which implicates mainly the carbonyl groups of reductory sugars and amino protein groups. Maillard's reaction products (MRP) may interfere with mineral bioavailability because of modifications of their physical-chemical moiety in the food or the lumen, disrupting the absorption process or its normal metabolism. In this study, we sought to investigate MRP influence on issues related to Ca bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Equimolar mixtures of glucose-lysine (GL) and glucose-methionine (GM) (40% moisture) were heated at 150º C for 90 minutes (samples GL90 and GM90, respectively). In vitro solubility was measured by additioning each samples to a 3.75 mM Ca solution at intestinal pH and ionic strength; after shaking and centrifugation, soluble and insoluble calcium was determined. Three percent of GL90 and GM90 were individually added to the AIN93-G diet to obtain D-GL90 and D-GM90 diets. Three Wistar rats groups were fed for 21 days with both diets and with AIN93-G as control, carrying out calcium balance during last week and extirpating various organs after sacrifice. GM90 did not affect calcium solubility; GL90 reduced it slightly, remaining in both cases more than 94% soluble. D-GL90 and D-GM90 did not modify calcium bioavailability, with as effective usage as with the control diet (57.6 ± 1.3%, 57.8 ± 2.3% and 63.9 ± 2.6% in control diet, D-GL90 and D-GM90, respectively). MRP intake produced, however, metabolic changes that decreased bone calcium, accumulating compensatorily in other organs (AU)